By Johan Galtung

Talk at the Université de Strasbourg, France, May 21, 2012
Important is not only to think peace, but to speak, write and contribute to making, building and keeping it.
For that purpose a little formula might be useful:
+ Positive Peace Equity X Harmony
Peace = ________________ = _________________
– Negative Peace Trauma X Conflict
There is positive peace in the numerator: the more the better. And key factors leading to direct, structural and cultural violence–the opposite of negative peace–in the denominator: the less the better. What is gained in peace is easily lost through inattention to negative pace. But there is a zone of stability by compensation.
According to the formula there are four basic tasks; all of them difficult but not impossible, all requiring training, skills.Read More »